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    • Among racially ethnically diverse populations

    2018-11-05

    Among racially/ ethnically diverse populations, aspects of social order MLN4924 such as a sense of belonging and having a shared cultural identity have been cited as protective characteristics that promote health in these communities (Angel & Angel, 2006). There is also some evidence to suggest that residing in an ethnic enclave may have a positive influence on health due to strong social networks, socioeconomic structure, and neighborhood social cohesion (Cagney, Browning, & Wallace, 2007; Peak & Weeks, 2002). Specifically within the Latino population, social connections, including neighborhood social cohesion, have been shown to be important for mental and physical health (Mulvaney-Day, Alegria, & Sribney, 2007; Rios, Aiken, & Zautra, 2012). Although some of these studies have examined the role of neighborhood social cohesion in physical activity outcomes in diverse populations that include Latinos, no studies to the authors’ knowledge have examined this relationship across Latino subgroups. A consistent body of evidence has demonstrated that health patterns vary by Latino subgroup likely due to the distinct cultural, socioeconomic, and political histories as well as settlement patterns of each group, all of which are known to influence health (Zsembik & Fennell, 2005; Rodriguez, Allison, & Daviglus, 2014; Motel & Patten, 2012). Therefore, examining whether the association between neighborhood social cohesion and aerobic physical activity varies by Latino subgroup could help identify subgroups for which neighborhood social cohesion has a more deleterious or beneficial effect.
    Methods
    Results Table 1 displays the distribution of aerobic activity, neighborhood social cohesion, and demographics by Latino subgroup. Puerto Rican individuals had the highest proportion of individuals who self-reported being US-born (57.1%). Among those who reported being foreign-born, a greater proportion of Puerto Ricans reported living in the US ≥ 10 years (85.5%), whereas Dominicans had the highest proportion of recent immigrants who reported living in the US <10 years (26.2%). Cuban/Cuban Americans had the highest proportion of high neighborhood social cohesion (41.8%), whereas Dominicans had the lowest proportion of high neighborhood social cohesion (22.8%). Across all Latino subgroups, less than 50% reported meeting the aerobic activity guideline. Dominicans had the highest proportion of individuals reporting not meeting the aerobic activity guideline (71.8%), while Mexican/Mexican-Americans (56.5%) and Central or South Americans (55.6%) had the lowest proportion of individuals not meeting the aerobic guideline. Table 2 presents the results from the logistic regression analyses used to examine the associations between neighborhood social cohesion and aerobic activity among Latino adults. Those with high neighborhood social cohesion where more likely to report meeting the aerobic activity guideline (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.45). After adjustment for demographics, acculturation, and Latino subgroup, high neighborhood social cohesion remained significantly associated with engaging in the recommended amount of aerobic activity (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.52). We examined if the association between neighborhood social cohesion and physical activity differed by Latino subgroup (Table 3). Although formal tests for interaction were not statistically significant (p for interaction= 0.06), results suggest varying patterns in physical activity across Latino subgroups and levels of neighborhood social cohesion. In Cuban/Cuban Americans individuals with high neighborhood social cohesion were more likely to engage in recommended levels of aerobic activity (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.00–2.97). Among Mexican/Mexican-Americans, those who reported high neighborhood social cohesion were also significantly more likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.66). In contrast, among Dominicans, medium neighborhood social cohesion was associated with lower odds of LTPA. Dominicans who reported medium (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.93) levels of neighborhood social cohesion had lower odds of meeting the aerobic activity guideline, compared with those living in low social cohesion neighborhoods. Among Puerto Ricans and Central or South Americans, there was no significant association between neighborhood social cohesion and meeting the aerobic activity guideline.