However HbA c is subject to certain disadvantages and

However, HbA1c is subject to certain disadvantages and limitations. It is not suggested as a routine test for screening of diabetes because of the problems in standardization and variations in style of HbA1c test. Moreover, HbA1c is costly and is affected by hemoglobin variants, sickle cell anemia, hemoglobinopathies, triglycerides and some drugs like Aspirin. In the present study, HbA1c testing was evaluated against traditional FPG testing in the detection of MS-275 despite of mentioned limitations.
Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted with data collected consecutively in the database of a HOKLAS clinical laboratory in Hong Kong. Two hundred randomized patients (83 females and 117 males, age ranged from 20 to 90) attended the laboratory during January 2016 to February 2016. All patients were undergone FPG and HbA1c test to detect the plasma glucose level of body. The data analysis did not affect the subsequent clinical management of the patients, no conflict of interest, and of no commercial value. FPG was measured with enzymatic assay by the Abbott Architect c8000 system. HbA1c was measured for the glycation of the N terminus of the β-chain of hemoglobin by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the Bio-Rad D-10 system. In this study, based on WHO criteria all data were classified into six groups, three groups based on FPG-based criteria: FPG<6.1mmol/L indicates normal group, 6.1–6.9mmol/L indicates borderline group, FPG≥7mmol/L suggests diabetic group, and other three groups based on HbA1c-based criteria: HbA1c<6.0% indicates normal group, 6.0–6.4% indicates borderline group, HbA1c≥6.5% suggests diabetic group. Also, all data were categorized into four age groups namely 20–44years; 45–64years; 65–74years and ≥75years. In this study, the data from 200 patients were evaluated by linear regression test to investigate the correlation between HbA1c and FPG and t-Test was used for the comparison of HbA1c and FPG. The differences between means was considered as statistically significant when P values ≤0.05. Data analysis was performed by Microsoft Excel.
Results The results of this study were illustrated in the following figures and tables.Fig. 1 shows the correlation between HbA1c and FPG. A positive correlation was found that predicted a significant correlation between HbA1c and FPG (r2=0.713, P<0.05). The data were classified based on the criteria of HbA1c and FPG separately. FPG-based group 1 (normal group), group 2 (borderline group or suspected diabetic group) and group 3 (diabetic group) were corresponding to the FPG-based criteria FPG<6.1mmol/L, FPG 6.1–6.9mmol/L, FPG≥7mmol/L respectively. Similarly, HbA1c-based group 1 (normal group), group 2 (borderline group or suspected diabetic group), and group 3 (diabetic group) were corresponding to the HbA1c-based criteria HbA1c<6.0%, HbA1c 6.0% - 6.4%, HbA1c≥6.5% respectively. The data analyses displayed the differences between HbA1c and FPG. As recorded, the number of cases in FPG-based group 1 to 3 were 151, 21, 28 respectively (Fig. 2.), while when HbA1c was used as the categorized method, the incidence of HbA1c-based group 1 to 3 were 117, 37, 46 respectively (Fig. 3). The results showed that FPG-based group had a higher prevalence in normal group when compared with normal HbA1c-based group. It was in contrast to borderline group and diabetic group (21 cases in FPG-based group vs 37 cases in HbA1c-based group, 28 cases in FPG-based group vs 46 cases in HbA1c-based group). By comparison of the results showed in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, it was found that a part of the subjects in FPG-based criteria subgroups were classified into higher level group when they were put into HbA1c-based criteria groups. In this study, the efficacy of FPG and HbA1c was investigated between male and female. The data of 83 females and 117 males were recorded and analyzed the different parameters (FPG and HbA1c) by Independent sample t-test (Table 1). The P value <0.05 indicated the significant difference between gender groups. The mean FPG and HbA1c levels in male (FPG, 6.15mmol/L±1.96 and HbA1c, 6.21%±1.08) and female (FPG, 5.15mmol/L±1.06 and HbA1c, 5.76%±0.70) were calculated.